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我们也将为大家提供更详细的文章介绍每种类型的癌症成因、治疗方法、术后恢复 以及成活率等大家关注的问题。另外由于网站维持需要一定的资金支持,所以部分 内容的查阅需要收取一定的费用,希望能够获得您的理解与支持。
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惡性腫瘤的命名通常使用其發生器官的拉丁文或希臘文作為字首,上述類別則作為字根來命名。對於常見的癌症,有時會使用英文的器官名來代替希臘或拉丁文名。例如,最普遍的乳癌類型即名為ductal carcinoma with the breast或者是mammary ductal carcinoma。而在中文领域,则分为两种情况。如果该恶性肿瘤是上皮组织来源的,则在上皮名称后面加一“癌”字。如果是间叶组织来源的,则被称为肉瘤。例如,生長在肝臟的惡性腫瘤命名即為肝臟上皮細胞腫瘤(英语:hepatocellular carcinoma),或简称为更常见的“肝癌”;發生在脂肪細胞則稱作脂肪肉瘤。而骨肉瘤则是间叶组织来源的。如果一恶性肿瘤既有癌的成分,又有肉瘤成分,则被称为癌肉瘤。
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最近幾十年的研究中,最為確定的發現就是抽煙和癌症間密切的相關性,許多流行病學研究也已經證實這樣的關係。根據美國的數據顯示,隨著吸煙人數增加,肺癌的死亡率急劇升高。隨著近年來廣為宣導抽菸對身體的傷害之後,抽菸人口的減少,也反映在肺癌死亡率降低上。
理論上,若是以手術完全移除腫瘤細胞,癌症是可以被治癒的。但並非總是如此簡單,外科手術通常無法切除已經轉移到其他部位的癌細胞。使用外科手術治療癌症的例子包括以乳房切除術治療乳癌或是進行前列腺切除術(英語:prostatectomy)治療前列腺癌。手術的目的在於移除腫瘤細胞或是整個器官,雖然將主要的腫瘤經外科手術切除,但仍有些潛伏在腫瘤所生長的器官週遭的單一腫瘤細胞是無法被察覺的。隨著時間過去,又會重新生長成一個新的腫瘤,稱為癌症復發。為此,手術切除下的腫瘤需要經病理學家的檢視,以確定切下的腫瘤週遭都是正常組織,減少腫瘤切除不完全的機會。
癌症的治療無論是化療、手術或放療都是對身體有極大負擔,並且在發生惡性轉移後,無論是何種方式都是很難徹底治癒。所以在癌症的治療仍然是人類面對的極大考驗。在目前對於年老的癌症患者,或許找出能維持生活品質並讓其能平靜走向生命旅程的終點的治療方式,會是比積極消除癌細胞而使用副作用極大的治療方式要來的實際且重要。
筛查规划根据年龄和风险因素来选择患者,以避免进行过多假阳性研究。筛查方法的例子包括:
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